p53 Gene Mutations in Transitional Cell Carcinoma of the Renal Pelvis / 대한비뇨기과학회지

Inactivation or loss of suppressor genes on a specific chromosome plays an important role in the development and progression of cancer. Recent studies have shown that p53 gene acts as a tumor suppressor gene and that its mutation appears to be related to the aggressiveness of transitional cell carcinoma of the bladder. To investigate the significance of p53 gene mutations in transitional cell carcinoma of the renal pelvis (renal pelvis tumor), 28 tumors with various stages and grades were examined for p53 gene mutations in exon regions 5 to 8 using polymerase chain reaction single-strand conformation polymorphism analysis. Seven (25%) of 28 pelvis tumors were found to have p53 gene mutations. Three of 12 superficial tumors including pTis, pTa, and pT1 were found to have p53 gene mutations. And only four of 16 invasive tumors with pT2, pT3, and pT4 were found to have p53 mutations. In the respect of tumor grade, p53 gene mutation was found in four of the 14 tumors with grade I and II, while three of 14 tumors with grade III, and IV were found to have p53 gene mutations. These observations suggest that, in contrast to bladder cancer, the incidence of p53 gene mutations does not related to the tumor stages and grades in transitional cell carcinoma of the renal pelvis. These results further indicate that p53 gene mutation may not represent a genetic marker of malignant potentials in transitional cell carcinoma of the renal pelvis.

Prostate specific antigen in poorly differentiation tumors of bladder neck / 대한비뇨기과학회지

Prostate specific antigen (PSA) is located specifically in prostatic tissue and PSA immunostaining is objective and precise method for the detection of metastases of prostatic origin. When the differentiation of a tumor in the bladder neck` is very poor. the problem of distinguishing histologically between prostatic carcinoma invading the bladder neck and transitional cell carcinoma of the bladder wall occurs frequently. Establishing a prostatic origin for these neoplasms has important therapeutic implication. Seven cases with poorly differentiated carcinoma of the bladder neck were subjected to define the primary, either urothelial or prostatic origin with PSA immunostain. Two cases or the seven showed positive reaction for PSA. The origin of cancers was confirmed to be the prostate on clinical study and surgical intervention. Remaining five cases displayed negative results for PSA. These tumors all arose from the urinary bladder. Both sensitivity and specificity of PSA for prostate tumors were evaluated to be high in degree.

A case of multilocular cystic renal cell carcinoma mistaken for multilocular renal cyst / 대한비뇨기과학회지

Cystic renal cell carcinoma represents approximately 15 percent of all renal cell carcinoma. The multilocular cystic renal cell carcinoma is comprised of multiple variable sized. non-communicating, fluid-filled cystic spaces and often extremely difficult to differentiate from non-neoplastic, and other malignant neoplastic masses clinically and radiologically. We have encountered a case of multilocular cystic renal cell carcinoma whose sonographic, computed topographic findings and gross pathologic characteristics were similar to multilocular renal cyst. If multilocular cyst is suspected preoperatively. a more cautious operative approach consisting of in vivo inspection of the lesion and it nessary, frozen section examination of tissue should be followed.

Urogenital anomalies associated with imperforative anus / 대한비뇨기과학회지

It is well known that infants born with imperforate anus have many other associated congenital anomalies, especially urogenital anomalies. Between 1985 and 1990, 50 infants and children with imperforate anus were evaluated for associated urogenital malformations according to the international classification on imperforate anus. The overall incidence of urogenital malformations in these patients was 28 percent. Among them, urogenital malformations were found in 50 percent of the patients with high or intermediate types of imperforate anus. Unilateral renal agenesis was the most frequently encountered urinary tract anomaly. In 10 cases, all of which were boys with high or intermediate types of imperforate anus, there was a fistulous connection between the blind end or the rectum and the urethra or bladder. The incidence of associated urogenital malformation was significant, especially in the high and intermediate types of imperforate anus. Therefore, we recommend that a careful examination should be done for the early diagnosis and treatment of associated urologic anomalies in infants and children with imperforate anus because considerable morbidity and mortality may occur due to delayed recognition of occult urologic problems in these infants.